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2009年考研英语三层递进攻克阅读理解  发贴心情 Post By:2008-7-21 16:33:00

2009年考研英语三层递进攻克阅读理解(一)

Text 1

  Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.

  No clearcut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word‘amateur’does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community,and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.

  A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.

  Although the process of professionalisation and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.

51. The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as .

[A]sociology and chemistry[B]physics and psychology

[C]sociology and psychology[D]physics and chemistry

52. We can infer from the passage that .

[A]there is little distinction between specialization and professionalisation

[B]amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science

[C]professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community

[D]amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones

53. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate .

[A]the process of specialization and professionalisation

[B]the hardship of amateurs in scientific study

[C]the change of policies in scientific publications

[D]the discrimination of professionals against amateurs

54. The direct reason for specialization is .

[A]the development in communication[B]the growth of professionalisation

[C]the expansion of scientific knowledge[D]the splitting up of academic societies


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  发贴心情 Post By:2008-7-21 16:33:00

核心词汇:

  academic[9AkE5demik]a.学院的;学术性的;(academ古希腊哲学家柏拉图及其弟子研究学问的地方+ic形容词后缀→学术的)

  accumulate[E5kju:mjuleit]vt.堆积,积累,积聚vi.累积,聚积(ac+cumul堆积+ate→堆积起来→积累);accumulation(n.积累,堆积)即accumulate+tion

  amateur[5AmEtE:]a./n.业余(水平)的(运动员、艺术家等)(amat+eur人→热爱的人→业余爱好者)

  comparison[kEm5pArisn]n.比较,对比,比喻,比拟(compar+ison名词后缀)

  connotation[9cCnEu5teiFEn]n.含蓄,含义(con+not(e)+ation),con前缀“一起”,note记录,ation名词后缀,所有东西都被一起记录在其中→含义

  constitute[5kCnstitju:t]vt.组成,构成,形成;设立,建立,任命(con 一起+stitute→放到一起→构成)

  crucial[5kru:FiEl, 5kru:FEl]a.至关重要的,决定性的

  definition[9defi5niFEn]n.定义,解释;(轮廓影像等的)清晰度;阐明(defin +ition名词后缀→定义)

  delay[di5lei]v.耽搁; 延误;推迟; 延期(de不+lay放置→未及时放置好→耽搁)

  demonstrate[5demEnstreit]v.论证,证实;演示,说明(de加强+monster+ate动词→加强显示→证明)

  distinction[dis5tiNkFEn]n.区别,差别;级别;特性;声望;显赫(distinct+ion名词后缀)

  emphasis[5emfEsis]n.加强语气; 强调;(赋予某事物)特殊的意义、 价值或重要性(em加强语气+phas显示+is名词后缀→加强显示→强调)

  integrate[5intigreit]v.(使)成为一体,(使)结合在一起(integ完整+ate动词后缀→使结合)

  journal[5dVE:nl]n.定期刊物,杂志,日报;日志,日记(journ日期+al形容词后缀→日期,杂志)

  logical[5lCdVikEl]a.逻辑的,符合逻辑的(log说话+ic名词后缀→说话的学问+al形容词后缀→合乎逻辑的)

  overall[5EuvErC:l]a.全面的,综合的n.(pl.)(套头)工作服

  participate[pa:5tisipeit]v.参加, 参与(parti部分,分开+cip进入+ate动词后缀→进入一部分→参加);participation(n.参加;分享)即Parti+cip+ation

  primacy[5praimEsi]n.第一或首先的状态; 首席的职责, 重要性(prim第一,主要的+acy名词后缀→重要性)

professional[prE5feFEnl]a.职业的,专门的n.自由职业者,专业人士(profession+al形容词后缀);professionalisation(n.职业化)即professional+is(e)+ation

  psychology[sai5kClEdVi]n.心理,心理学,心理状态(psycho心理+logy名词后缀表示科学,学问→心理学)

  publication[pQbli5keiFEn]n.出版物;出版,发行;公布,发表(public公众的+ation名词后缀)

  reckon[5rekEn]vi.计算,总计,估计(up);猜想;依赖;认为把……看作;视为(reck注意+on表状态或动作的动词后缀 →指望)

  referee[refE5ri:]n.裁判员(refer+ee表示人→被提出的人→裁判)

  reflect[ri5flekt]v.反射;表达;反映;仔细考虑(re反+flect弯曲返回→反射)

  represent[repri5zent]v.描述,表示;代表,代理;阐明,说明(re+present)

  response[ris5pCns]n.回答,响应,反应(re回+spons+e名词后缀→承诺回应→回答)

  reveal[ri5vi:l]v.展现,显示,揭示,揭露,告诉,泄露(re反+veal→反盖上→不让盖上→揭露)

  separate[5sepEreit9 5sepErit]a.分离的,分开的(se分开+par安排+ate动词和形容词后缀→分离)

  split[split]v.裂开,劈开;分裂,分离n.分化,分裂,裂口


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  发贴心情 Post By:2008-7-21 16:34:00

难句分析:

  难句1  No clearcut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word ‘amateur’does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific commUnity and, in Particular, may not fully share its values.

  [分析]第一个句子的主干是“No... distinction can be drawn between...”,冒号后面的内容是进一步说明前面的观点。在第二个句子中,一上来就有一个转折词nevertheless,表示语意的转折,其主句是“the word ‘amateur’does carry a connotation...”,后面有一个同位语从句,里面有两个并列谓语。

  [译文]在科学领域内,专业与业余之间没有绝对的区分:任何规则都有其例外。但是“业余”这个词的确包含这样的意义,那就是所指的那个人没有完全融入某个科学家群体,具体地说,他可能并不完全认同这个群体的价值观。

  难句2 The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.

  [分析]此句中两个分句有同一个主语,即the trend,两个谓语为was obvious和can be illustrated。前一个分句中based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training修饰areas of science。

  [译文]特别是在以数学和实验室训练为基础的科学领域,这种倾向自然尤为明显,这可以通过英国的地质学发展过程得到证实。

  难句3 Acomparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.

  [分析]此句的主语是a comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half(中心词为a comparison),谓语是reveals,宾语主体结构是not simply... but also...所连接的两个并列宾语,注意宾语emphasis和definition前都有分词来修饰。

  [译文]对过去一个半世纪的英国地质出版物进行比较,我们不但发现人们对研究的重视程度在不断增加,而且学术论文的出版标准也在不断变化。

  难句4 The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century.

  [分析]此句主干是“The... result has been to do sth.”。注意逗号后面只是一个名词性的短语,其核心词是a result,可以被看成是前面句子主语的同位语,在其内部主要是一个长的定语从句,而定语从句中又有两个并列的状语first by..., and then by...。

  [译文]其整体的结果是使业余人员进入专业性地质学杂志更加困难,而审稿制度的全面引进使这个结果得到加强,这一制度开始是在19世纪的全国性杂志进行,进入20世纪后也在一些地方性地质杂志实行。

文章类型:自然科学——科学史

  这篇文章的主题为科学知识的专门化(specialization)与专业化(professionalisation)。

试题解析:

51. 19世纪专业化的发展在像那样的科学领域可能看得更清晰。

[A] 社会学与化学[B] 物理学与心理学

[C] 社会学与心理学[D] 物理学与化学

细节事实题【正确答案】 [D]

  定位在第二段倒数第二句找到题干中的19th century,然后在最后一句中找到与题干中be more clearly seen in sciences相对应的most obvious in those areas of science。随后确定文中的关键词areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training。因此[D]为正确选项。

52. 根据本文,我们可以推知:

[A] 专业化和职业化之间几乎没区别。

[B] 业余人员能够在科学的某些领域同专业人员竞争。

[C] 专业人员往往欢迎业余研究人员加入科学团体。

[D] 业余人员拥有全国性学术机构,但没有地方性学术机构。

推理题【正确答案】[B]

  首先本题四个选项未曾提及geology,因此不必去第三、四段找考点。从第一段可知,专门化(针对研究领域)与专业化(针对研究人员)都属于相关科学的发展,但二者内容、性质不同,因此[A]项错误。第二段阐述了professionals和amateurs的关系,首句说,二者没有什么截然不同,而且exceptions(特例)can be found to any rule,其潜台词是,对于人们一般所认同的rule——专业比业余要好,也有例外,亦即“在某些情况下,业余人士甚至比专业人士做的更好”,因此[B]项符合题意。[C]项与第二句所说的事实情况(amateur...not fully integrated into the scientific community)相反,[D]项所说的national / local在第二段未曾提及,故都不能选。

53. 作者写地质学的发展是为论证:

[A] 专业化与职业化的发展过程。[B] 业余人员在科学研究中的艰辛。

[C] 科技出版物出版方针的变化。[D] 专业人员对业余人员的歧视。

例证题【正确答案】 [A]

  定位在第二段最后两句或第四段第一句。第二段最后一句中的The trend... can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom。说明第三段是作为例证来说明这一trend(趋势)的。而且根据第四段第一句也可进行判断,该句的前半句(Although the process of professionalisation and specialization was already well under way)即为第三段的总结,所以选择[A]项。

54. 专业化的直接原因是

[A] 交流的发展。[B] 职业化的发展。

[C] 科学知识的扩展。[D] 学术团体的分化。

细节事实题【正确答案】 [C]

  定位在第一段第一句专业化是科学知识不断积累的结果。该句的含义是:科学知识的积累促进了知识的进一步分类和分化(或专门化)。只有[C]项符合题意。


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  发贴心情 Post By:2008-7-21 16:34:00

全文翻译:

  专业化是科学知识不断积累的结果。通过将学科细化,个人能够继续把握信息并将它作为深入研究的基础。但是专业化仅是科学领域内一系列影响交流过程的有关现象之一。另一现象是科学活动的日益职业化。

  第一段:简单介绍了科学发展所带来的两个结果:科学的专业化和职业化。

  在科学领域内,专业与业余之间没有绝对的区分:任何规则都有其例外。但是“业余”这个词的确包含这样的意义,那就是所指的那个人没有完全融入某个科学家群体,具体地说,他可能并不完全认同这个群体的价值观。19世纪的专业化的发展,以及随之而来的对训练的长期性和复杂性的要求,对业余人员进入科学界造成了更大的困难。特别是在以数学和实验室训练为基础的科学领域,这种倾向自然尤为明显,这可以通过英国的地质学发展过程得到证实。

  第二段:在科研过程中,专业化的发展,对业余人员进入科学界造成了更大的困难。

  对过去一个半世纪的英国地质出版物进行比较,我们不但发现人们对研究的重视程度在不断增加,而且学术论文的出版标准也在不断变化。因此,在19世纪,局部的地质研究本身就可形成一种有价值的研究;而到了20世纪,如果局部的研究能够被专业人员接受,那么它越来越倾向于涉及体现或思考更广阔的地质面貌。另一方面业余人员继续以旧的方式进行区域的研究。其整体的结果是使业余人员进入专业性地质学杂志更加困难,而审稿制度的全面引进使这个结果得到加强,这一制度开始是在19世纪的全国性杂志进行,进入20世纪后也在一些地方性地质杂志实行。这样发展的必然结果是出现了针对专业读者和业余读者的不同杂志。类似的分化过程也导致专业地质学家聚集起来,形成一两个全国性的团体,而业余地质学家则要么留在地方性团体中,要么以不同方式组成全国性的团体。

  第三段:以英国地质学的发展过程为例,说明职业化和专业化过程。

  虽然职业化和专业化过程在19世纪的英国地质学界中已经得到迅速发展,但是它的效果直到20世纪才充分显示出来。然而,从科学领域的范围来看,19世纪必须被视为科学结构改变的关键时期。

  第四段:在前面几段论述专业化的基础上,指出19世纪被视为科学结构改变的关键时期。


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  发贴心情 Post By:2008-7-21 16:34:00

2009年考研英语三层递进攻克阅读理解(二)

Text 2

  A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so called digital divide—the division of the world into the info(information)rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.

  There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access—after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.

  Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.

  To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anticolonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society)in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure—including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on—were built with foreign investment. The English, the German, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.

55.Digital divide is something.

[A]getting worse because of the Internet[B]the rich countries are responsible for

[C]the world must guard against[D]considered positive today

56.Governments attach importance to the Internet because it .

[A]offers economic potentials[B]can bring foreign funds

[C]can soon wipe out world poverty[D]connects people all over the world

57.The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of .

[A]providing financial support overseas[B]preventing foreign capital’s control

[C]building industrial infrastructure[D]accepting foreign investment

58.It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on .

[A]how well developed it is electronically

[B]whether it is prejudiced against immigrants

[C]whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern

[D]how much control it has over foreign corporations


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  发贴心情 Post By:2008-7-21 16:35:00

核心词汇:

attach[E5tAtF]v.系,贴,装,连接;使成为一部分;使依恋(at+tach→钉子→附上)

attention[E5tenFEn]n.注意,注意力;立正;特别照顾;照料(at+tent+ion名词后缀→思维伸展出去→注意)

colony[5kClEni]n.殖民地;侨民;聚居区;(动植物的)群体

combat[5kCmbAt]v./n.战斗,搏斗,格斗(com共同+bal打,击→共同→共同打→战斗)

divide[di5vaid]v.分,划分,分开;分配;(by)除(di分开+vid+e分开)

enormous[i5nC:mEs]a.巨大的; 极大的(e出+norm规则,规范+ous形容词后缀→出了正常状态→巨大的,过分的)

finance[5fainAns]n.财政,金融v.为……提供资金(fin+ance→最后起作用的东西→资金)

foundation[faun5deiFEn]n.建立,设立,创办;地基;基金,捐款;机构(found基础+ation名词后缀→基础,地基)

impoverish[im5pCvEriF]v.使贫穷;使枯竭(im加强前缀+pover词根+ish动词后缀);同根词:poverty  (贫穷)←pover+ty名词后缀。

infrastructure[5infrE9strQktFE]n.基础结构,基础设施(infra内+struct+ure名词后缀→基础结构)

invasion[in5veiVEn]n.入侵,侵略,侵犯(in+vas+ion名词后缀)

investment[in5vestmEnt]n.投资,投资额

loom[lu:m]n.织布机,织机v.隐现,(危险、忧虑等)迫近

prejudice[5predVudis]n.偏见,成见;损害,侵害v.使抱偏见,损害(pre预先+judice→预先判断→偏见)

respect[ris5pekt]n./v.尊敬,尊重n.敬意,问候,关系,方面(re再+spect→反复看→尊敬)

responsible[ris5pCnsEbl]a.承担责任;(指人)可靠的, 可信赖的(response回应+ible形容词后缀→能回应的→负责任的)

sovereignty[5sCvrinti]n.主权;主权国家(sover+(r)eign+ty),sover(=over)在上,reign统治,ty名词后缀,在上面统治;sovereign(统治的;统治者)←sover+(r)eign。

universal[ju:ni5vE:sEl]a.普遍的,全体的,通用的;宇宙的,世界的(univers+al形容词后缀);universalize(v.使普遍化)即universal+ize


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  发贴心情 Post By:2008-7-21 16:35:00

难句分析:

难句1 As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access—after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are.

[分析]此句主干是“...It is in the interest of business to do sth....”,句中前面as引导的是伴随状语,而非原因状语,要理解为“随着”,而非“因为”。破折号后面的部分是进一步解释说明前面的主句。

[译文]随着互联网的日趋商业化,上网普及对商家是有利的——毕竟,上网人数越多,未来的客户就越多。

难句2 To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anticolonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment.

[分析]此句主干是“...some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anticolonial prejudices...”。前面的不定式可以被看成是一个目的状语。

[译文]要想利用因特网,某些贫困国家必须克服对国外投资所持的过时了的反殖民的种种偏见。

难句3 The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be.

[分析]此句用了the more... the more...的句型。逗号之间的which today is an electronic infrastructure是Third Wave infrastructure的非限制性定语从句。

[译文]你拥有的去建造第三次浪潮基础设施(今天主要指电子基础设施)的外国资金越多,那么你的情况就越好。

文章类型:时文——信息科学

  本篇文章谈论数字鸿沟(digital divide)这一概念,并说明在世界范围内普及因特网(Internet)可以从技术角度缩小数字鸿沟。


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  发贴心情 Post By:2008-7-21 16:35:00

试题解析:

55. 数字差异是的某种东西。

[A] 因为因特网而变得更糟[B] 富裕国家应该负责

[C] 全世界必须提防[D] 如今被认为是积极的

细节事实题【正确答案】[C]

  定位在第一段数字鸿沟(digital divide)将把整个世界分为信息丰富地区和信息贫乏地区。20年前作者和其妻子就已经开始在演讲中讨论这种隐隐呈现的危险(looming danger),这里的danger指的就是digital divide。对于危险自然应当防御(work against),所以选择[C]项。

56. 政府重视因特网,因为因特网

[A] 提供经济潜力。[B] 能够带来外国投资。

[C] 能够很快消除世界贫穷。[D] 把世界各地的人们连接起来。

细节事实题【正确答案】[A]

  首先根据题干中的Internet和Governments定位至第二段第三句。从中可以看出越来越多政府推广因特网的直接原因是怕(在经济上)“落后”于其他国家,其潜台词就是因特网拥有巨大的(经济)潜能(enormous potential),所以选择[A]项。

57. 作者提到美国这个例子,是为了证明的政策是正确的。

[A] 向国外提供经济援助[B] 防止外国资本的控制

[C] 建立工业基础设施[D] 接受外国投资

例证题【正确答案】[D]

  在第四段中,作者引用美国的例子是为了说明首句,因此可以判断考点在首句,即“要想利用因特网,某些贫困国家必须克服对国外投资所持的过时了的反殖民的种种偏见”,只有[D]项符合题意。

58. 现在看来,一个国家的经济非常依赖于

[A] 它在电子方面的发展程度多高。[B] 它是否歧视移民。

[C] 它是否采用美国的产业模式。[D] 它在多大程度上控制着外企。

细节事实题【正确答案】 [A]

  定位在最后一段,该段中间有一例证,可以缩小考点范围,把最后一段中涉及例子的内容排除。在该段落剩下的内容中,找与题干“economy”相关的关键词,我们发现倒数第三句中有better off,确认它就是答案所在的句子,“引进用于修建电子基础设施的外国资金越多,那么你的情况就越好。”因此选择[A]项。


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  发贴心情 Post By:2008-7-21 16:35:00

全文翻译:

  今天,人们十分关注所谓的数字分化问题——世界上信息资源丰富的地区和信息资源贫乏的地区之间的差异;这个差异确实存在,我和我妻子20年前就曾谈及这种隐约的危险。然而,那时还不太明显的是一些抵制数字分化的、新的积极因素。实际上我们是完全有理由感到乐观的。

  第一段:指出虽然信息资源丰富与信息资源贫乏国之间存在着巨大差异,然而仍然有理由保持乐观。

  一些技术上的因素使我们有理由期望差异会缩小。随着互联网的日趋商业化,上网普及对商家是有利的——毕竟,上网人数越多,未来的客户就越多。越来越多的政府,惟恐自己的国家落后,纷纷推广因特网的普及。一、二十年之内,全球将有一二十亿人进入因特网。因此,我认为在未来的数年中,数字分化将缩小而不会变大。那是好消息,因为互联网很可能成为我们消除所面临的贫困的最强有效的工具。

  第二段:表明这种国与国之间的差距会因互联网技术的发展而慢慢消除。

  当然,使用因特网不是惟一消灭贫困的方法。因特网也不是我们所拥有的惟一工具,但它却有巨大的潜力。

  第三段:指出虽然互联网不是消除贫困的惟一工具,但却有着巨大的潜力。

  要想利用因特网,某些贫困国家必须克服对国外投资所持的过时了的反殖民的种种偏见。那些认为外国投资是对本国主权的侵犯的国家最好还是研究一下美国的基础设施(社会的基本结构基础)建设历史。当初美国建设自己的工业基础设施时,缺乏必要的资金,因此美国的第二次浪潮,即基础设施的建设——包括公路、港口,高速公路、港口城市等等——都是用国外资金建造的。英国人、德国人、荷兰人和法国人都在前英国殖民地投资。他们提供资金,美洲移民建造。想想看,现在谁拥有这一切?美国人。我想,在这件事上,像巴西或其他任何地方同样也该这样。你拥有的去建造第三次浪潮基础设施(今天主要指电子基础设施)的外国资金越多,那么你的情况就越好。这并不是说卑躬屈膝,任人愚弄,也不是对外国公司不加控制。但这的确意味着你已认识到外国公司对本国能源及通信基础设施建设的重要性,这些基础设施是充分利用因特网所必要的。

  第四段:从互联网出发,指出贫困国要改变对外来投资的不良印象。


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  发贴心情 Post By:2008-7-21 16:35:00

2009年考研英语三层递进攻克阅读理解(三)

Text 3

  Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long selfanalysis known as the journalism credibility project.

  Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly lowlevel findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.

  But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns)into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a readymade narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.

  There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and  their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middlesize cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.

  Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.

  Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.

  This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.

59.What is the passage mainly about?

[A]needs of the readers all over the world

[B]causes of the public disappointment about newspapers

[C]origins of the declining newspaper industry

[D]aims of a journalism credibility project

60.The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be .

[A]quite trustworthy[B]somewhat contradictory

[C]very illuminating[D]rather superficial

61.The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their .

[A]working attitude[B]conventional lifestyle

[C]world outlook[D]educational background

62.Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its .

[A]failure to realize its real problem [B]tendency to hire annoying reporters

[C]likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D]prejudice in matters of race and gender


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